path: root/src/posts/laravel/2020-12-21/installing-laravel-homestead-in-arch-linux/index.gmi

# Installing Laravel Homestead in Arch Linux

> Mon 21st December 2020 By David T. Sadler.

## Introduction

Laravel Homestead is a pre-packaged Vagrant box that gives you a development environment with PHP, a web server, and several other server software already installed. This guide explains how I install and configure it on my Arch Linux system. I install Homestead in such a way that enables me to add multiple projects to the single instance of Homestead. Because of this you may find that you will need to adapt the guide to how you prefer to manage your projects.

## Installing Dependencies

Vagrant will need to be installed since Laravel Homestead is a pre-configured Vagrant box. Select virtualbox if you are prompted for which provider Vagrant should use.

```shell
$ sudo pacman -S vagrant
```

Install Virtualbox as this will be used as a provider by Vagrant. When prompted select the virtualbox-host-modules-arch package.

```shell
$ sudo pacman -S virtualbox
```

## Install Homestead

Homestead is installed by cloning the repository onto your host machine.

```shell
$ git clone https://github.com/laravel/homestead.git ~/.local/share/homestead
```

The cloned repository defaults to the latest master branch. As this can be considered unstable it is recommended to checkout a tagged version of Homestead or the release branch as this will always be the latest stable version.

```shell
$ cd ~/.local/share/homestead

$ git checkout release
```

Create the Homestead.yaml file by using the init.sh command.

```shell
$ bash init.sh
```

## Configuring the host machine

Before I launch Homestead for the first time there are a few things that I like to do first on the host machine.

### Creating a host project

One of the advantages with Homestead is that it allows you to share a directory on your host machine with the virtual guest machine and have that served by the web server.

For this guide the commands below will create a very simple PHP site.

```shell
$ mkdir -p ~/projects/testsite/public

$ echo "<?php phpinfo();" > ~/projects/testsite/public/index.php
```

### Setting up SSH

I like to use unique ssh keys for servers that I connect to and that includes any virtual machines running on my local machine. The ssh-keygen command generates a new key that I store in a directory separate from my other ones.

```shell
$ mkdir  ~/.ssh/homestead

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/homestead/id_rsa
```

### Hostname Resolution

Since I am using one instance of Homestead for multiple sites I need to configure the host machine so that requests are directed to the correct site on the virtual machine. This is done by adding an entry into the /etc/hosts file for each site. 

First I need to know the IP address of the virtual machine. This can be done by looking in the Homestead.yaml file for the ip entry.

```yaml
ip: "192.168.10.10"
```

Then for each site that will be hosted on the virtual machine add it's domain and ip to the /etc/hosts file. 

```shell
$ sudo nvim /etc/hosts
```

```shell
192.168.10.10 testsite.local
```

## Configuring Homestead

Homestead is configured by editing the Homestead.yaml file that was created with the init.sh command earlier.

```shell
$ cd ~/.local/share/homestead

$ nvim Homestead.yaml
```

First tell Vagrant that Virtualbox will be providing the virtual machine.

```yaml
set provider: virtualbox
```

Vagrant needs to setup the ssh keys between the host and the guest so that you can connect via ssh. Enter the path to the one created earlier.

```yaml
authorize: ~/.ssh/homestead/id_rsa.pub

keys:
    - ~/.ssh/homestead/id_rsa
```

Share the project folder with the virtual machine. This setting will make the directory /home/vagrant/projects/testsite available in the virtual machine. The contents of this directory will be shared with the host machine directory ~/projects/testsite.

```yaml
folders:
    - map: ~/projects/testsite
      to: /home/vagrant/projects/testsite
```

Setup Homestead so that it can serve the application through the 'domain' testsite.local. Note how this matches the name added to /etc/hosts earlier.

```yaml
sites:
    - map: testsite.local
      to: /home/vagrant/projects/testsite/public
```

Have Homestead create a database for our application.

```yaml
databases:
    - testsite
```

Since I'm using a database ensure that a database server is installed on the virtual machine.

```yaml
features:
    - mariadb: true
```

## Launching Homestead

Homestead is started with the vagrant up command. It may take a while for Homestead to launch if this is the first time running this command as Vagrant has to first download the actual virtual machine file.

```shell
$ cd ~/.local/share/homestead

$ vagrant up
```

Once the machine is booted I can browse to http://testsite.local/ to see the simple site that is now served by Homestead.

## Installing a Laravel Site

Now that Homestead is installed and serving a simple site its time to move onto installing the first Laravel application. Since Homestead provides all the tools required to do this the first thing to do is connect to the virtual machine.

```shell
$ cd ~/.local/share/homestead

$ vagrant ssh
```

Once connected to the virtual machine navigate to the project folder of the site. Remember that this is the folder that is also been shared with the host machine.

```shell
$ cd ~/projects/testsite
```

Clear the contents of this folder otherwise composer will complain about a non-empty directory.

```shell 
$ rm -rf public
```

Use composer to install a Laravel project.

```shell
$ composer create-project laravel/laravel .
```

## Setting Up The Application Database

Once Larvel is installed a database needs to be created for the application. Connect to the database server with the mysql command.

```shell
$ mysql -uhomestead -psecret
```

Check that the application's database was created when the virtual machine was first booted.

```mysql
SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| homestead          |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| testsite           |
+--------------------+
```

If the database does not exist create it with the below SQL.

```mysql
CREATE DATABASE testsite;
```

Create a MySQL user for the application and grant permissions to use the application database.

```mysql
CREATE USER 'testsite'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'testsite';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON testsite.* TO 'testsite'@'localhost';
```

Exit the database server.

```mysql
exit
```

To check the new MySql user account simply connect as that user with the credentials used earlier.

```shell
$ mysql -utestsite -ptestsite
```

The result of the SHOW DATABASE sql should show that the user account can see the application database.

```mysql
SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| testsite           |
+--------------------+
```

## Configuring The Laravel  Application

Edit the supplied .env file.

```shell
$ vim .env
```

If one does not exist then copy the example file.

```shell
$ cp .env.example .env
```

Change the environment variables to match those below. Some of changes ensure that Laravel can connect to the database created earlier.

```
APP_NAME='Test Site'

APP_URL=http://testsite.local

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=testsite
DB_USERNAME=testsite
DB_PASSWORD=testsite
```

Now when you browse to http://testsite.local you will see the Laravel welcome page.

## Simplified SSH

I prefer to just use the host system's ssh command to connect to Homestead as it cuts out having to navigate to the Homestead directory and running vagrant ssh.

To simplify ssh I first add a hostname for the virtual machine to the file /etc/hosts/

```shell
192.168.10.10 homestead
```

I then edit ~/.ssh/config and add the below configuration. This tells ssh to automatically use the keys and username specified when connecting to the virtual machine.

```ssh
Host homestead
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/homestead/id_rsa
  User vagrant
```

From now on I can simply do ssh homestead from any directory to connect to the Homestead virtual machine.

### Links

=> https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/homestead/ Laravel Homestead

=> /posts/larvel/ Laravel - Read More Posts.

I don't have comments as I don't want to manage them. You can however contact me at the below address if you want to.

=> mailto:david@davidtsadler.com Email david@davidtsadler.com

=> https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ The contents of this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2021 David T. Sadler.

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