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-# How to Host Your Own Gemini Site in the Cloud
-
-> Mon 8th February 2021 By David T. Sadler.
-
-So I have a Gemini site over at gemini://davidtsadler.co.uk and I thought I'd write up how I achieved this in case anyone was interested in doing the same.
-
-I would say that from purchasing the domain name to having a complete server hosting the site took about 30 minutes in total.
-
-## Purchasing a Domain Name
-
-I decided that for the moment I would keep my traditional "Big Web" content hosted at davidtsadler.com and use a different domain name for my new Gemini site. Since this meant purchasing a new one I popped over to Gandi.net to acquire davidtsadler.co.uk. Side note: I used to own this but decided not to renew it for some crazy reason.
-
-## Creating a cloud sever
-
-My cloud provider of choice is Hetzner and creating a new server is done in eight steps.
-
-### 1. Location
-
-Hetzner provide a few locations in Europe as to where the server is hosted. For this server I chose Helsinki.
-
-### 2. Image
-
-I chose Ubuntu 20.04 as the operating system as this is the one I'm most familiar with.
-
-### 3. Type
-
-As this server is only going to a host a Gemini site I don't need a overly powerful system so I chose their most basic CX11 configuration. For €2.99 a month this gives me:
-
-* 1 virtual CPU.
-* 2GB ram.
-* 20GB SSD .
-* 20 TB of network traffic a month.
-
-### 4. Volume
-
-You have the option of attaching additional storage to the server. I skipped this step as for the time been the 20GB SSD that comes with the server should be enough for my needs.
-
-### 5. Network.
-
-I skipped this step as its not needed.
-
-### 6. Additional features
-
-Again I skipped this step but select any if you believe that you will need them.
-
-### 7. SSH Key
-
-When a server is created a root user is added and a password is emailed to you so that you can login. However if you provide a SSH key it will be installed on the server instead of creating a password.
-
-I like to use separate keys for each server that I manage so I tend store the them in a directory named after the hostname.
-
-```shell
-$ mkdir ~/.ssh/davidtsadler.co.uk
-
-$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/davidtsadler.co.uk/id_rsa
-```
-
-The SSH key is added by clicking + ADD SSH KEY and then copying and pasting the contents of the id_rsa.pub file.
-
-### 8. Name
-
-I name my servers after the hostname so for this I called it davidtsadler.co.uk. I then created the server by clicking CREATE & BUY NOW.
-
-## SSH
-
-Once the server was created I took the allocated IP address and ensured that I could access it via SSH using the key that I had provided.
-
-```shell
-$ ssh root@135.181.201.71 -i ~/.ssh/davidtsadler.co.uk/id_rsa
-```
-
-## Resolve the Domain Name to the Server
-
-In my Gandi.net account I went to the DNS Records section for the domain name I had purchased. There I deleted everything except for the @ (A) and www (CNAME) records which was configured as follows:
-
-* @ (A) 135.181.201.71
-* www (CNAME) davidtsadler.co.uk.
-
-The A record is configured with the IPv4 address of my new server and the CNAME with the domain name. Note that the CNAME must end with a period!
-
-After saving the changes it was just a matter of waiting for it to propagate through the DNS system. At which point I could use the domain name when logging in via SSH.
-
-```shell
-$ ssh root@davidtsadler.co.uk -i ~/.ssh/davidtsadler.co.uk/id_rsa
-```
-
-## Securing the Server
-
-At a bare minimum I setup a firewall and harden SSH. I may at a later date go further, such as installing fail2ban.
-
-### Configure a Firewall
-
-This setup will deny any incoming requests unless they were first initiated by a request from the server. Since I need to be able to access the server I allow SSH. The Gemini protocol uses port 1965 so that is also allowed.
-
-```shell
-$ ufw default allow outgoing
-$ ufw default deny incoming
-$ ufw allow OpenSSH
-$ ufw allow 1965
-$ ufw enable
-```
-
-### Harden SSH
-
-I edited the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.
-
-```shell
-$ vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-```
-
-I added the two below options so that the root user is not allowed to access the sever via SSH and other users may only access using keys.
-
-```
-PermitRootLogin no
-PasswordAuthentication no
-```
-
-Since I'd made changes to the configuration I needed to restart the SSH service.
-
-```shell
-$ service sshd restart
-```
-
-### Create non-root User
-
-Whenever I access a server I like to login as a non-root user that is able to run sudo on the system.
-
-```shell
-$ adduser gemini
-
-$ usermod -aG sudo gemini
-```
-
-As the SSH key is already on the server I can copy it to the non-root user account.
-
-```shell
-$ rsync --archive --chown=gemini:gemini ~/.ssh /home/gemini
-```
-
-On my local system I confirm that I can log in as the new user without a password.
-
-```shell
-$ ssh gemini@davidtsadler.co.uk -i ~/.ssh/davidtsadler.co.uk/id_rsa
-```
-
-I also confirm that I have sudo access.
-
-```shell
-$ sudo ls
-```
-
-## Installing a Gemini Site and Server
-
-### Directory structure
-
-I decided to go with a very simple directory structure. Each site will be a sub-directory in ~/sites that will be named after the domain name. Then each site will have the following sub-directories. The idea is that I may want to host more than one site in the future.
-
-* bin This will contain the Gemini server binary.
-* certs TLS certificates for the site are kept here.
-* public This will contain the .gmi files of the site.
-* scripts Contains scripts used to start the Gemini server.
-
-I created the directory structure with the below command.
-
-```shell
-$ mkdir -p ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/{bin,certs,public,scripts}
-```
-
-### Install certificates
-
-Sine the Gemini protocol encourages using a self-signed certificate I installed one with the openssl command.
-
-```shell
-$ openssl req -x509 \
-    -newkey rsa:4096 \
-    -keyout ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/certs/key.rsa \
-    -out ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/certs/cert.pem \
-    -days 3650 \
-    -nodes \
-    -subj "/CN=davidtsadler.co.uk"
-```
-
-### Create Some Test Content
-
-I created a very simple index.gmi file purely for testing.
-
-```shell
-$ cat << EOF > ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/public/index.gmi
-# Welcome
-
-Hello world!
-EOF
-```
-
-### Install the Gemini Server Binary
-
-I decided to go with agate as the Gemini server as its very simple to install and configure. Installing it was a matter of downloading the binary archive into the bin directory and setting the executable permission on it.
-
-```shell
-$ cd ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/bin
-
-$ wget https://github.com/mbrubeck/agate/releases/download/v2.3.0/agate.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.gz
-
-$ gunzip agate.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.gz
-
-$ mv agate.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu agate
-
-$ chmod u+x agate
-```
-
-I wrote a very simple bash script to run agate and have it serve the site.
-
-```shell
-$ cat << EOF > ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/scripts/start
-#!/bin/bash
-
-/home/gemini/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/bin/agate \
-    --content /home/gemini/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/public/ \
-    --key /home/gemini/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/certs/key.rsa \
-    --cert /home/gemini/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/certs/cert.pem \
-    --addr [::]:1965 \
-    --addr 0.0.0.0:1965 \
-    --hostname davidtsadler.co.uk \
-    --lang en-GB
-EOF
-
-$ chmod u+x ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/scripts/start
-```
-
-### Testing the Site
-
-At this point I have the Gemini server installed and a site available for testing.
-
-I first started agate with the bash script.
-
-```shell
-$ ~/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/scripts/start
-
-[2021-02-05T17:26:56Z INFO  agate] Listening on [[::]:1965, 0.0.0.0:1965]...
-```
-
-With agate up and running I pointed my Gemini client to gemini://davidtsadler.co.uk and confirmed I was able to access the site before entering Ctrl-C to halt agate.
-
-### Configure Systemd
-
-Since I was happy that agate was able to serve my new site I created a systemd unit to ensure that agate was started whenever the system was rebooted.
-
-```shell
-$ sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/agate.service
-```
-
-The unit is very simple and just runs the bash script to start agate once the network is available.
-
-```
-[Unit]
-Description=Agate Gemini Server
-After=network.target
-
-[Service]
-Type=simple
-User=gemini
-Group=gemini
-ExecStart=/home/gemini/sites/davidtsadler.co.uk/scripts/start
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=default.target
-```
-
-I then started this service and confirmed it was working.
-
-```
-$ sudo systemctl start agate.service
-
-$ sudo systemctl status agate.service
-
-Active: active (running)
-```
-
-The final step was to have this service start when the system is rebooted.
-
-```
-$ sudo systemctl enable agate.service
-```
-
-## Conclusion
-
-Setting up a Gemini site was easy to do and I hope this guide shows it. I have several ideas about how I'm going to use this new site and I'm excited to see where this leads to.
-
-### Links
-
-=> https://www.gandi.net/ Gandi.net - My domain registrar of choice.
-=> https://hetzner.cloud/?ref=Gf3UFbRaixBK Hetzner - My cloud server provider.
-=> https://github.com/mbrubeck/agate/ Agate - A simple Gemini server.
-=> gemini://davidtsadler.co.uk/ davidtsadler.co.uk - My Gemini site.
-
-=> /posts/gemini/ Gemini - Read More Posts.
-
-I don't have comments as I don't want to manage them. You can however contact me at the below address if you want to.
-
-=> mailto:david@davidtsadler.com Email david@davidtsadler.com
-
-=> https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ The contents of this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
-
-Copyright © 2021 David T. Sadler.
-
-=> / Return to Homepage.